Basement electromechanical pipelines involve a wide range of specialties. Reasonable in-depth design for pipelines and supports and hangers can improve project quality, reduce costs and increase efficiency. Let's take a look at how to implement the detailed design based on the engineering example.

The construction land area of this project is 17,749 square meters. The total investment of the project is 500 million yuan. It consists of two towers A and B, a podium and an underground garage. The total construction area is 96,500 square meters, the above-ground area is about 69,100 square meters, and the underground construction area is about 27,400 square meters. The tower is 21 floors above ground, 4 floors in the podium, and 2 floors underground. The total building height is 95.7 meters.

1.The process and principle of deepening the design

1

The goal of detailed design of electromechanical pipeline

The goal of the detailed design is to improve the engineering quality, optimize the pipeline arrangement, speed up the progress and reduce the cost.

(1) Reasonably arrange the professional pipelines to maximize the building space and reduce the secondary construction caused by pipeline conflicts.

(2) Arrange equipment rooms reasonably, coordinate the construction of equipment, electromechanical pipelines, civil engineering and decoration. Ensure that there is enough space for equipment operation, maintenance and installation.

(3) Determine the pipeline route, accurately locate the reserved openings and casings, and reduce the impact on the structural construction.

(4) Make up for the insufficiency of the original design and reduce the additional engineering cost.

(5) Complete the production of as-built drawings, and collect and organize various change notices of construction drawings in a timely manner. After the construction is completed, the completed as-built drawings are drawn to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the as-built drawings.

2

The task of detailed design of electromechanical pipeline

The main tasks of deepening the design are: solving the collision problem of complex parts, optimizing the clear height, and clarifying the optimization route of each specialty. Through the optimization and deepening of the clear height, direction and complex nodes, favorable conditions for construction, use and maintenance are created.

The final form of detailed design includes 3D model and 2D construction drawings. With the development of BIM technology, it is suggested that construction workers, foreman and team leader should master BIM technology, which is more conducive to the construction of high and difficult projects.

3

Deepening Design Principles

(1) Clarify the construction interface of each electromechanical major (if conditions permit, the general contractor will carry out the production and installation of comprehensive brackets).

(2) On the basis of maintaining the original design, optimize the pipeline direction.

(3) Try to consider lower-cost options.

(4) Try to test the convenience of construction and use.

4

Pipeline layout avoidance principle

(1) The small tube gives way to the large tube: the increased cost of the small tube avoidance is small.

(2) Temporary make permanent: After the temporary pipeline is used up, it needs to be removed.

(3) New and existing: The old pipeline that has been installed is being tried out, and it is more troublesome to change.

(4) Gravity due to pressure: It is difficult for gravity flow pipelines to change the slope.

(5) Metal makes non-metal: Metal pipes are easy to bend, cut and connect.

(6) Cold water makes hot water: From the point of view of technology and saving, the hot water pipeline is short, which is more beneficial.

(7) Water supply and drainage: The drainage pipe is gravity flow and has slope requirements, which is limited when laying.

(8) Low pressure makes high pressure: high-pressure pipeline construction requires high technical requirements and high cost.

(9) The gas makes the liquid: the water pipe is more expensive than the gas pipe, and the water flow power cost is higher than that of the gas.

(10) Less accessories make more: less valve fittings make more fittings.

(11) The bridge lets the water pipe: the electrical installation and maintenance are convenient and the cost is low.

(12) Weak electricity makes strong electricity: Weak electricity makes strong electricity. The weak current wire is smaller, easy to install and low cost.

(13) The water pipe makes the air duct: The air duct is generally larger and occupies a large space, considering the process and saving.

(14) Hot water makes freezing: The freezing pipe is shorter than the heat pipe and the cost is higher.

5

Pipeline layout method

(1) Consolidate the main pipeline and then the secondary branch pipeline: those with mechanical parking spaces are arranged in the lane, sacrificing the space of the lane; if there is no mechanical parking space, it is arranged above the parking space, sacrificing the clear height of the parking space; if the overall basement clear height condition is low , give priority to sacrifice the clear height of the parking space.

(2) Positioning the drainage pipe (no pressure pipe): The drainage pipe is a pressureless pipe, which cannot be turned up and down, and should be kept in a straight line to meet the slope. Generally, the starting point (highest point) should be attached to the bottom of the beam as much as possible (pre-embedded in the beam is preferred, and the starting point is 5~10cm away from the bottom of the plate) to make it as high as possible.

(3) Positioning air ducts (large pipes): All kinds of air ducts are relatively large in size and require a large construction space, so the positions of various air ducts should be located next. If there is a drain pipe above the air pipe (try to avoid the drain pipe and handle it side by side), install it under the drain pipe; if there is no drain pipe above the air pipe, try to install it close to the bottom of the beam.

(4) After determining the position of the pressureless pipe and the large pipe, the rest are all kinds of pressurized water pipes, bridges and other pipes. Such pipes can generally be turned over and bent, and the arrangement is more flexible. Among them, attention should be paid to the path and cable selection of mineral insulated cables, and it is recommended to purchase flexible mineral insulated cables if conditions permit.

(5) Reserve 100mm~150mm between the outer walls of the rows of bridges and pipes, pay attention to the insulation thickness of the pipes and air ducts, and the bending radius of the bridges.

(6) Overhaul and access space ≥400mm.

The above is the basic principle of pipeline layout, and the pipeline is comprehensively arranged according to the actual situation in the process of comprehensive coordination of pipelines.

2. Main application points of the project

1

Drawing Mixed

Through modeling and detailing, the drawing and design problems found during the process were recorded and organized into a problem report as part of the drawing triage. In addition to the problems of dense pipelines and unsuitable construction and unsatisfactory clear heights, there are the following points that need to be paid attention to:

General drawing: ①When deepening the basement, be sure to look at the general drawing outdoors, and check whether the elevation and location of the entrance are consistent with the drawing of the basement. ②Whether there is a conflict between the elevation of the drainage pipe and the roof of the basement.

Electrical major: ① Whether the architectural base map is consistent with the architectural drawings. ②Whether the drawing marks are complete. ③Whether the pre-buried electrical pipes have large pipe diameters such as SC50/SC65, and the dense protective layer of the pre-buried pipes or pre-buried line pipes cannot meet the requirements, it is recommended to adjust them to bridge frames. ④Whether there is a wire sleeve with electrical reserved on the protective wall of the air defense passage. ⑤ Check whether the position of distribution box and control box is unreasonable. ⑥ Whether the fire alarm point is consistent with the water supply and drainage and strong electricity position. ⑦Whether the vertical hole in the high-power well can meet the bending radius of the bridge construction or the installation space of the busway plug-in box. Whether the distribution boxes in the power distribution room can be arranged, and whether the opening direction of the door intersects with the distribution boxes and cabinets. ⑧ Whether the number and location of the inlet casing of the substation meet the requirements. ⑨ In the lightning protection grounding diagram, check whether there are any missing grounding points at the metal pipes on the outer wall, toilets, large equipment, the starting and ending points of bridges, elevator machine rooms, power distribution rooms, and substations. ⑩ Whether the opening of the shutter box, civil air defense door and fire door of the fire shutter is in conflict with the bridge frame or the distribution box.

Ventilation and Air Conditioning Major: ① Whether the architectural base map is consistent with the architectural drawings. ②Whether the drawing marks are complete. ③ Whether the necessary section details are missing in the fan room. ④ Check whether there are any omissions in the fire damper at the crossing floor, fire partition wall, and the pressure relief valve of the positive pressure air supply system. ⑤ Whether the discharge of condensed water is orderly. ⑥ Whether the equipment number is orderly and complete without repetition. ⑦ Whether the form and size of the air outlet are clear. ⑧The method of vertical air duct is steel plate or civil air duct. ⑨ Whether the equipment layout in the machine room can meet the construction and maintenance requirements, and whether the valve components are set reasonably. ⑩ Whether all the ventilation systems of the basement are connected to the outdoors, and whether the location of the ground is reasonable.

Water supply and drainage major: ① Whether the architectural base map is consistent with the architectural drawings. ②Whether the drawing marks are complete. ③ Whether all the drainage is out of the outdoor, and whether the drainage into the basement has a lifting device. ④ Whether the system diagrams of pressure drainage and rainwater are corresponding and complete. Whether the fire elevator foundation pit is equipped with drainage measures. ⑤Whether the position of the sump collides with the civil engineering cap, mechanical parking space, etc. ⑥Whether the hot water system has an effective circulation system. ⑦Whether there are drains or floor drains in the pump room, wet alarm valve room, garbage station, oil separator and other rooms with water. ⑧ Whether the arrangement of the pump house is reasonable, and whether the reserved maintenance space is reasonable. ⑨ Whether safety devices such as decompression, pressure relief and water hammer eliminator are installed in the fire pump room.

Between the majors: ① Whether the related points are consistent (distribution boxes, fire hydrants, fire valve points, etc.). ②Whether there is any irrelevant pipeline crossing in the substation, power distribution room, etc. ③ Whether the door of the fan room is in conflict with the air outlet and air duct. Whether the position of the air duct exiting the air conditioner room passes through the structural column of the masonry wall. ④ Whether the air above the fire shutter is in conflict with the pipeline. ⑤ Whether the bearing capacity of the structure is considered in the installation of large pipelines.